1. CE: CE mark is a mark of safety certification. It is considered as passport of manufacturer to open and enter European market. CE is acronym of CONFORMITE EUROPEENNE. All the products with “CE” mark can sell in European Union members without satisfying requirements of every member countries. It realizes free flow of commodity within the scope of the EU member states.

2. ROHS: ROHS is acronym of the Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. ROHS lists six hazardous substances in total, including Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr6+, PBDE and PBB. European Union started to implement ROHS on July 1st, 2006. It doesn’t allow electrical and electronic products that employ or contain heavy metal and fire retardants like PBDE and PBB to enter European Union market. ROHS aims at electrical and electronic products that may contain the six hazardous substances above in raw material or in the process of production, mainly includingwhite home appliances like refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, water heaters, black home appliances like audio and video products, DVD, CD, television receiver, IT products, digital products, communication products, etc.; electric tool, electric electronic toys, medical electrical equipment.

Remark: when customers ask whether there is rohs, we should ask which ROHS does he refer to, product rohs or raw material rohs as some factory could achieve product rohs and the price of products containing rohs is ten percent to twenty percent higher than ordinary products.

3. UL: UL is acronym of Underwriter Laboratories Inc. UL is the most authoritative and larger civil institution engaging in security test and evaluation. It is an independent and non-profit professional institute that makes test for public security. It adopts scientific testing method to study and determine the existence and extent of the damage of various kinds of materials, devices, products, architectures on life and property; confirm, edit and release corresponding standards and contribute to reduce and prevent materials that cause the loss of life and property, and carry out truth investigation business.

To sum up, it mainly engages in business of safety certificate and operation safety certificate of products and its ultimate purpose is to find commodities with fairly safe level in the market and make contribution to ensure personal health and property safety. In terms of products safety certification acting as effective method of eliminating technical barrier in international trade, UI also plays positive role in promoting the development of international trade.

Remark: UL is not a necessary requirement to enter the US.

4. FDA: FDA is acronym of Food and Drug Administration. It is one of the executive agencies that American government in DHHS and PHS. FDA is in charge of ensuring the security of food, cosmetics, drugs, biological, medical devices and radiation products that the US produces or imports. After United States Congress approved 2002Public Health and Safety and Prevention Countermeasure of Bioterrorism Bill, it allocates 500 million dollars and authorizes FDA to formulate the specific rules of implementing the bill. The bill regulates that FDA will allocate a special registration number for every applicant and foreign institution must inform Food and Drug Administration of America in advance 24 hours before the exported goods arrive port of the US, or they will be refused to enter the country and detained in entry port.

Remark: FDA only requires registration, rather than certificate.

in June last year

5. FCC: FCC (Federal Communications Commission) is built by COMMUNICATIONACT in 1934 and it is an independent institution of American government, directly responsible for congress. FCC coordinates the communication at home and abroad by controlling radio broadcast, television, telecommunication, satellite and cable. It involves over 50 states of America, Columbia and districts of America. In order to ensure the security of wireless and wire communication products relating to life and property, Office of Engineering and Technology of FCC is responsible for technology support of committee and also affairs of equipment qualification. Many wireless application products, communication products and digital products require the acceptance of FCC if they want to enter the market of the US.

FCC investigates and studies each stage of products security and finds the best solutions. In the meantime, FCC also includes wireless installation, detection of aircraft and so on. FCC manages import and usage of wireless frequency devices, including computer, fax machine, electronic device, wireless reception and transmission equipment, wireless remote controlled toys, telephone, personal computer and other products that may harm personal safety. If these products want to export to the US, they must be detected and get approval from the laboratories authorized government according to FCC technology standard. The importer and the customs agent should declare that every wireless frequency device conforms to FCC standard, namely FCC license.

6. CCC: According to China's WTO accession commitments and manifestation of principle of national treatment, the country uses unified mark for compulsory products. The name of new country’s compulsory certification is China Compulsory Certification and it is abbreviated to CCC. After China Compulsory Certification takes effect, it will gradually replace originally implemented “Great Wall” and “CCIB” mark.

7. CSA: CSA is acronym of Canadian Standards Association. It established in 1919 and it is the first non-profit organization specializing in formulating industry standards in Canada. All the electronic products and appliances sold in North American market need to get certification on safety. CSA is the largest security certification organization in Canada and also one of the most famous safety certification organizations in the world so far. It provides safety certification for various types of products in the aspect of machinery, building material, appliance, computer equipment, office equipment, environmental protection, medical and fire safety, sport and entertainment. CSA has provided certification service for several thousand manufacturers all over the world. Hundreds of millions of products with CSA mark are sold in North American market each year.

8. DIN: Acronym of Deutsches Institut fur Normung

DIN is a standardization competent authority and it participates in international and regional   non-governmental standardization organization as national standardization organization.

DIN participated in international standardization organization in 1951. DKE, a coalition of DIN and VDE, takes part in International Electrotechnical Commission on behalf of Germany. Besides, DIN is European Committee for Standardization and European Electrical Standard

9. BSI: BSI (British Standards Institution) is the earliest national agency for standardization in the world. It is independent from government but gains energetic support from it. BSI formulates and revises British Standard and promote the implementation.

10. GB: Since reform and opening up, our country has started to carry out socialist market economy, and domestic market and international trade develop rapidly. As many export enterprises of our country are not familiar with the requirement of certification system of other countries, many export products are not able to step into the international market and the prices are also far below the like products which have been certified in host country. Therefore, each year, these enterprises have to spend valuable foreign exchange to apply for foreign certification and get inspection report issued by foreign inspection agency. In order to adapt to the demand of international trade, our country gradually carry out internationally accepted certification system. On May 7th, 1991, the State Council issued Product Quality Certification Regulations of the People's Republic of China and State Bureau of Technical Supervision also released provisions of implementing the Regulations to ensure certification work to proceed in an orderly way. After China Electrical Product Certification Committee founded in 1954, it makes effort to obtain international mutual recognition so as to serve export of electrical products.

In June 1991, China Electrical Product Certification Committee was accepted as national certification agency that is eligible to recognize and issue CB certificate by iEcEE and Mc. The nine subordinate check stations are accepted as CB test room (test room for certification institutions). For all the electrical products, as long as enterprises obtain CB certificate and test report issued by committee, IECEE- 30 members in CCB system will recognize. They are basically exempt from sending sample to import country for test, so they can obtain certificate of conformity with less expense and time, which is greatly beneficial to export products.

11. EMC: Along with development of electrical and electronics technology, popularization and electronization of home appliances products, increasingly growth of radio and television, post and telecommunication and computer network, increasingly complex and deteriorating of electromagnetic environment, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC electromagnetic interference EMI and electromagnetic resistance EMS) of electrical and electronic products also has increasingly aroused concern of national governments and manufacturing enterprise EMC of electrical and electronic products is an important quality index which not only concerns operational reliability and use safety of products themselves, but also may affect normal operation of other equipments and system and concerns protection of electromagnetic environment. The European Union government stipulated that from January 1st, 1996, all the electrical and electronics products are allowed to sell on the European Union market only after passing BMC certification and being labeled CE mark. The move causes widespread influence in the world and the government of many countries takes measures to carry out mandatory administration for RMC performance of electrical and electronic products. Many are influential in the world such as European Union 89/336/EEC.

12. PSE: PSE is endorsement label given by Japan Electrical Safety & Environment for electrical and electronic products that comply with security regulations of Japan. According to regulations of DENTORL law (electrical equipment and material control law) in Japan, 498 products must pass security certification before entering Japanese market.

13. GS: GS is a security certification mark issued by organizations like TUV and TDE which are authorized by German Labor Agency. GS mark is a security mark widely accepted by broad masses of customers in the Europe. Generally, products with GS certification enjoys higher unit sales price and more popularity.

14. ISO: refers to International Organization for Standardization. It is the largest non-government specialized agency for standardization in the world and it plays a dominant role in international standardization. ISO sets international standard. The main activities of ISO are establishing international standard, coordinating standardization work around the world, organizing member countries and technology committee to make information communication, and cooperating with other international organizations to study standardization issues together.

15. HACCP: HACCP is acronym of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. It is considered to be the best and most effective management system of controlling food safety and flavor quality

International standard GB/T15091-1994Fundamental Terms of Food Industrydefines HACCP as follows: a control measure of producing (processing) safety food; making analysis of raw material and crucial production process as well as human factor that affects safety of products, confirming key link of manufacturing processes, establishing and improving monitor routine and standard and taking standardized corrective actions. International standard CAC/RCP-1General Principles of Food Safety 1997 revised third versiondefines HACCP to be a system of identifying, evaluating and controlling vital hazards for food safety.

16. GMP: GMP is acronym of Good Manufacturing Practice. It pays high attention to the management of food safety in productive process.

Briefly speaking, GMP requires food production enterprises to have good production equipment, reasonable production process, perfect quality management and strict inspection system, and ensures the quality (including food safety and sanitation) of final product to conform to the requirement of laws and regulations. The contents GMP regulated are the fundamental condition that food processing enterprises must satisfy.